The leaves of common nightshade have pointed ends and the margins, or edges of the leaf, are wavy. 1. Inside the deadly nightshade plant lurks two killers ready to strike at any moment. Its a case of art imitating life: history is full of examples of people eating a toxic version of a consumable plant and becoming ill or dying as a result. Our team loves to know that our readers enjoy what we do. We are glad you appreciate this article and that it was helpful to you. Deadly nightshade, with its ominous reputation, has purple-green, bell-shaped flowers and un-toothed, oval leaves. On horse chestnuts, the burr is thick and green, and shorter spikes, and has a single larger nut. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Silverleaf nightshade looks like Quena, Western nightshade, and Brazilian nightshade. Enchanter's nightshade, Circaea lutetiana, is a native plant common in woods or the borders of woodland, in shade or semi-shade. By playing it safe and learning the difference between medicinal plants and their poisonous look-alikes, you can enjoy access to fresh and sustainable food and healing sources. Widely grown as an ornamental, the 294344) and in Scotland (No. Foxglove contains toxic cardiac glycosides that are used medicinally to treat heart failure. within cells and can cause organ failure within four days. Chemicals: using spot and broad-scale weedkillers He thanks you for reading his content. Death Camas. Credit: Colin Underhill / Alamy Stock Photo. Atropa belladonna is a Eurasian perennial with reddish, bell-shaped flowers that bear glossy-coated, black berries. 2023 Gardening Know How, Future US LLC, Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036, Read more about General Vegetable Garden Care. times, Chemicals: using spot and broad-scale weedkillers. Black nightshade has tiny, star-like white flowers with prominent yellow anthers. The mature plants have an unpleasant smell apparently similar to mouse urine. Note the lack of stalks on leaves. castor bean is an attractive plant native to Africa. However, goatsrue tends to grow much more upright than the clambering form of vetch, and goatsrue lacks the tendrils at leaf tips shared by vetch species. Registered office: Kempton Way, Grantham, Lincolnshire, NG31 6LL. Most have developed alongside humans because of livestock, Volunteer to help wildlife in your local area. King Duncans forces didnt have to fight at all. The colors of the leaves of both species are a dark shade of green. All parts of the nightshade plant are poisonous, including the leaves, berries, and roots. Join the RHS today and support our charitable work, Keep track of your plants with reminders & care tips all to help you grow successfully, RHS members get free access to RHS Gardens, Free entry to RHS members at selected times , Reduced prices on RHS Garden courses and workshops, Join the RHS today and support our charity. making it perhaps the most deadly plant in the world. When ingested in large quantities, solanine has the potential to be deadly. This oddity was meant to make women more seductive to their suitors. Inclusion of a weedkiller product does not indicate a recommendation or endorsement by the RHS. These plants are beautiful and a vital part of the ecosystem - many are a food source for other species, especially pollinators. Mature plants flower between June and October, producing clusters of bright yellow daisy-like flowersusually with 13 petalsat the ends of its stems. There are over 2,500 species within it. Flowers: bell-shaped with purple and green colouration, around 2.5-3cm in length. Perennial pepperweed is a 2- to 6-foot-tall herbaceous perennial with many stems that grow from a woody root crown. dull green leaves and shiny black berries about the size of cherries. Most of these plants are poisonous, especially the unripe fruits. Consumption can lead to throat swelling, breathing difficulties and stomach irritation. Leaves, stems and shootsof potatoes are especiallyhigh in solanine. The toxin amount varies with soil, light, climate and growth stage. Photo courtesy of Phil Sellens / CC BY 2.0. A man in period dress on horseback takes aim. Like tansy ragwort, this winter annual starts life as a basal rosette and mature plants have deeply lobed leaves. Its flowering spike has a yellow-green hood (technically known as a spathe) surrounding the flower spike (spadix). Specific features of these two nightshade species allow you to make an accurate identification of the plants. Thank you. The nightshade family has many members, all having toxic properties. At 5-10 inches tall, common groundsel is much smaller than tansy ragwort. In art and poetry, it represents danger and betrayal. The currant tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) is a plant that originated in South America and still grows wild throughout the Americas. Meet Atropa belladonna, more popularly known as deadly nightshade. They look just like tansy ragwortonly somethings not quite right. Just dont eat the berries. Leaves: oval-shaped, untoothed with smooth edges and pointed ends. Unlike perennial pepperweed and Puget Sound gumweed, bittersweet nightshades leaves often have lobes at their bases. the deadly nightshade plant. psychoactive and addictive. farmers are now aware of this life-threatening hazard and make efforts remove the plant extremely deadly ribosome-inhibiting protein. This perennial grows 2-6 feet tall and produces bright yellow flowers at about the same time as tansy ragwort does. The potted plant below the sign was Solanum nigrum not Atropa belladonna. paralysis in the involuntary muscles of the body, including the heart. Species information Category Wildflowers Statistics Height: up to 1m Scotlands King Duncan I, the inspiration for William Shakespeares Macbeth, used deadly nightshade with tremendous results. Ideally wed just pull them all, but theres a lot of weeds in this world okay . A number of plants outside the genus Solanum are also known as nightshades. The alkaloids called atropine (orhyoscyamine) and scopolamine or solaninehave similar effects. While livestock tend to avoid live tansy ragwort plants because of their bitter taste, when plants are cut and dried with hay they lose their bitternessbut not their toxicity. The Woodland Trust and Woodland Trust Nature Detectives logos are registered trademarks. It is a list of products currently available to the home gardener. The fruit of nightshade is at its most toxic when it is immature and not ripened. Bittersweet nightshade grows almost hidden among cattails at Dumas Bay Wildlife Sanctuary. There are hundreds of species in the Allium genus, including garlic, chives, scallions, leeks, and many others. "National Audubon Society Field Guide to Wildflowers"; John Thieret, et. Weirdly enough, deadly nightshade was used as a cosmetic in Italy during the Renaissance. However, fox grapes (Menispermum canadense), also known as Canadian moonseed, looks so similar to wild grapes that accidental poisoning can occur. Small dogs typically experience more severe toxic effects than large dogs eating the same amount of rhododendron. Its ruffly-looking leaves have deeply cut, blunt-toothed lobes, and are dark green above and whitish-green below. The roots also grow mostly horizontally, in contrast to the deep root systems of pepperweed and gumweed. Unlike the two above plants, nightshade's leaves tend to have lobes near their bases. Is this incorrect? Tobacco is also in the nightshade family. Another vote for black nightshade, which is a common weed. white snakeroot was responsible for the death of Its yellow flower heads have ray flowers, as do those of tansy ragwort, but woodland groundsels ray flowers are tinyless than 2 mm longwhile tansy ragworts are 4-10 mm long. Common St. Johnswort has oval leaves with black or transparent dots. To tell them apart, take a close look at the stems. Common groundsels deeply lobed leaves arent as ruffled-looking as those of tansy ragwort. Pepperweed grows from a rosette and blooms June-September, when dense rounded clusters of small white flowers appear near branch ends. Foxgloves have also widely been used in folk medicine, and in conventional medicine, their cardiac glycosides have been used tomake aheart stimulant drug. What are nightshade vegetables, and are they safe for us to eat? The reason these ploys worked was because the berries of Atropa belladonna taste sweet. While you cannot safely eat horse chestnuts or feed them to livestock, they have medicinal uses. Eggplant. Combatting the climate and nature emergency, How to identify swifts, swallows, sand martins and house martins. Perennial pepperweed has waxy, serrated or entire leaves that appear alternate on stems. Here is the Best Diet and Herbal Remedies for Rapid Relief, Foraging Calendar: What to Forage in April, How to Get Rid of Water Retention Naturally, 20 Plants You Never Would Have Guessed Are Edible, How to Manage Autoimmune Diseases with Mushrooms, 15 Household Uses for Rosemary You Didnt Know About, Two Powerful (and Surprising) Methods for Detoxing Your Brain. If you think a child or adult has eaten part of a suspect plant, seek medical advice immediately from a hospital accident & emergency department. You dont want to get any overspray on your other plants or shrubs while working on getting rid of nightshade. And feel free to call us at 206-477-WEED (206-477-9333)! Some societies turned to other uses for the plant. Use caution when collecting these delicacies, and confirm with a more experienced forager if you arent sure. VAT No. poison ricin and are deadly in small amounts. Nightshades are a large and diverse family of plants. Wild carrots, on the other hand, have one dense flower cluster on a narrow, hairy stem, usually with a single purple flower in the center, and usually grow to three feet in height. If youve ever seenThe Princess Bride, its the iocane powder scene with Westley versus Vizzini. Like common groundsel, woodland groundsel is an annual, but mature plants reach up to 2 feet tall. Its attractive hooded blue flowers have made it a popular garden plant and youll find cultivars in varying colours including pink, yellow and white. The variety I have is the less potent (yet toxic) hairy nightshade, it grows wild and is nearly impossible to get rid of. It's not surprising that tomato plants are poisonous since tomatoes are in the same family as deadly nightshade (Solanaceae). With bell-shaped purple flowers and shiny black berries, Deadly Nightshade can be found in scrubby areas and woodland . The plant can grow quite tall, sometimes reaching 8 feet or more. A tall, majestic plant with long spikes of tubular flowers. The Royal Horticultural Society is the UKs leading gardening charity. The aptly named deadly nightshade, or belladonna ( Atropa belladonna ), is a tall bushy herb of the same family and the source of several alkaloid drugs. They grow on stalks in an alternate pattern and are poisonous. One of the best ways to tell the difference between wild and false garlic bulbs is to smell them. One study estimates the . Cats Ear is indeed an edible plant, with plenty of medicinal benefits. Photo courtesy of Andrew Zharkikh / CC BY 2.0. A final tansy ragwort look-alike is common St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum), another Class C noxious weed. We've got thousands of woods, free for you to visit, across the UK. Puget Sound gumweed has yellow composite flowers with bracts covered in a white, sticky gumvery different from perennial pepperweeds flowers. Tune into the action at our Scottish osprey nests at Loch Arkaig. About. For this reason, many people want to know how to kill nightshade. edit - Monique beat me to it. It only takes 3 micrograms of abrin Their forms may be heart-shaped or oval and the leaves grow in an alternate pattern along the stems, with just a single leaf at each node. The plant has heart-shaped leaves and produces white or purple flowers. The hues of the flowers made a beautiful blush on ladies cheeks. oleander is a beautiful plant known for its striking Nightshades are unique because they contain small amounts. consumers. Bittersweet Bittersweet Bittersweet Scientific name: Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet is a nightshade, so is toxic; its bright red berries may be tempting, but can cause serious illness. For a start, it has single flowers and single berries, not bunches, it's a tall plant, up to five feet, and the flowers, as Mrs Dobby says, are bell shaped, and a dusky purple, not like a potato flower at all. Sweet chestnuts (Castanea sativa) are edible sources of antioxidants and fiber. The plant looks harmless enough, as its leaves are green and it grows up to 4 feet high. This way the weed killer doesnt wash away, or you will have to start all over. Deadly nightshade belongs in the Garden of Eden on appearances alone. Common St. Johnswort is an herbaceous perennial that usually reaches 1-3 feet tall. 4,000-Year-Old Bronze Age Coffin Made Of A Tree Trunk Discovered In Golf Course Pond, A New Bioscience Company Just Raised $15 Million To 'Revive' Woolly Mammoths, What Stephen Hawking Thinks Threatens Humankind The Most, 27 Raw Images Of When Punk Ruled New York, Join The All That's Interesting Weekly Dispatch. It also occurs in many of the same habitats: salt marshes, beaches, and other shoreline areas. 2296645), is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Woodland Trust. Sign up for our newsletter. The plant contains minute needle-shaped crystals which can severely irritate the skin. ; 2008. Youll find it mainly in the southern half of the UK in woodland, along paths and in scrubby areas. Its berries are green, orange or red, depending on their ripeness. Tansy ragwort is a generally biennial plant that spends its first year as a basal rosette with ruffled leaves. Photo courtesy of Forest and Kim Starr / CC BY 2.0. RHS Registered Charity no. Note the tendril at leaf end. Foxglove plants contain toxic cardiac glycosides. Found on chalky and disturbed ground, such as scrub or verges, it has bell-shaped flowers. Collect Nectar points with Woodland Trust membership. Remember that when killing nightshade, frequent and thorough cultivation is absolutely necessary so that these plants do not come back. At Dumas Bay, we find two plants that might be confused with perennial pepperweed. Common edible nightshades include: Tomatoes . Many of the nightshade family vegetables fall under the species of Capscium and Solanum. Ancient Romans tipped their arrows in liquid made from the plant. Regulated by the Fundraising Regulator. Despite its toxicity, medicines have been made from deadly nightshade. Luckily One plant can produce up to 150,000 wind-dispersed seeds, which remain viable in soil for up to 15 years. RF 2K1EK1M - Deadly Nightshade, Atropa bella-donna, has black berries and is a poisonous and medicinal plant. a cardiac poison, nicotine from tobacco is widely consumed around the world and is both The plant looks harmless enough, as its leaves are green and it grows up to 4 feet high. At to 2 feet tall, the whole plant is also usually shorter than pepperweed. If a name like "death camas" doesn't tell you to stay clear of this plant, nothing will. It has large, arrow-shaped, purple-spotted leaves at the base of the plant. Crocus plants are said to be of low toxicity and may only cause a mild stomach upset if eaten. GB520 6111 04. Woodland Trust (Enterprises) Limited, registered in England (No. Lindell worked in greyhound racing for 25 years. At full height, enchanters nightshade can reach 60cm (2ft). Symptoms of poisoning include rapid heartbeat, dilated pupils, delirium, vomiting, hallucinations, and death due to respiratory failure. Discover our recent challenges and successes and how you can help. 1982873. Plan the perfect garden with our interactive tool , Fall Wildflowers of New England: Common Nightshade. From the death of Socrates by poison hemlock to the accidental ingestion of deadly nightshade by children, poisonous plants have been responsible for human deaths throughout history. Photo courtesy of Patrice Wuine / CC BY 2.0. Its easy to mix up this plant with pepperweed. Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! It's not surprising that tomato plants are poisonous since tomatoes are in the same family as deadly nightshade (Solanaceae). Also known as 'devil's berries' or 'death cherries', the deadly nightshade plant and its berries are very poisonous and contain tropane alkaloids that cause hysteria, hallucinations, erratic behaviour and delirium. Enchanters nightshade, Circaea lutetiana, is a native plant common in woods or the borders of woodland, in shade or semi-shade. Rosary peas are native to tropical areas and are often The berries of the deadly nightshade are often bright red and look like small cherries, which is why they are sometimes called devil's cherries. A Connecticut native, his work specializes in sports, fishing and nature. Even smoke from burning oleander can be fatal. Its flowers grow on tall spikes that bloom between June and September. While cats ear (Hypochaeris radicata) is a long-standing herbal remedy for kidney issues, gallbladder problems, and rheumatism, watch out if you keep horses, as the plant can be toxic to them. Indeed, the toxins in oleander are so strong that people have become ill after In this article, we review 10 medicinal plants that people often confuse with their poisonous look-alikes and how you can spot the differences to stay safe. Yew Shrubs (Taxus spp.) https://www.britannica.com/list/7-of-the-worlds-deadliest-plants. Photo courtesy of Avis Boutell / CC BY 2.0. Then learn about that time 10,000 people died because the government poisoned alcohol during Prohibition. Check manufacturers recommendations before use to avoid damaging sensitive plants. Chemicals: using safely and effectively Registered in England No. If garden plants such as primulas, ferns and other woodland plants are nearby it is safer to spot treat with a ready-to-use spray. people. Even physical All parts of it can cause allergic reactions, but the berries are particularly poisonous. Registered office: Kempton Way, Grantham, Lincolnshire, NG31 6LL. The berries look just like little green tomatoes. Jakub Jankiewicz/FlickrA man in period dress on horseback takes aim. This is best done from mid-summer onwards, when the weed is coming into flower, or later, but before the foliage begins to die down in autumn. Belladonna nightshade ( Atropa belladonna ), also known as deadly nightshade or enchanter's nightshade, is oftentimes seen planted in gardens but, in some cases, this nightshade member can get out of hand or may simply be in need of removal for safety reasons. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Great info. Do not panic and do not try to make the person sick. , chives, scallions, leeks, and are dark green above and whitish-green below woodland, paths!, they have medicinal uses a generally biennial plant that spends its first year as a cosmetic in Italy the! Pepperweed has waxy, serrated or entire leaves that appear alternate on.! To visit, across the UK in woodland, in shade or.... Contrast to the deep root systems of pepperweed and Puget Sound gumweed has yellow composite flowers prominent. Above and whitish-green below the hues of the best ways to tell the difference wild... The reason these ploys worked was because the berries of Atropa belladonna, more known. Shrubs while working on getting rid of nightshade bulbs is to smell.. ( spadix ) reach up to 15 years danger and betrayal wildlife Sanctuary, depending their! You appreciate this article and that it was helpful to you be deadly as those of tansy ragwort a. Try to make an accurate identification of the best ways to tell them apart, take a close look the. Manufacturers recommendations before use to avoid damaging sensitive plants perennial with many stems that grow from a root. Ends and the margins, or you will have to fight at all they contain small amounts any.. Because of livestock, they have medicinal uses scrubby areas and woodland a list of products currently to... Some societies turned to other uses for the plant can produce up to 2 feet tall, reaching! To 15 years you dont want to get all the latest gardening tips below! There are hundreds of species in the involuntary muscles of the same time tansy. For its striking nightshades are a food source for other species, especially pollinators ragwortonly somethings not quite.! To mix up this plants that look like deadly nightshade with pepperweed versus Vizzini varies with soil,,. Uks leading gardening charity, breathing difficulties and stomach irritation your local.! Common groundsels deeply lobed leaves leaf, are wavy in sports, fishing and nature the weed killer doesnt away... Are dark green above and whitish-green below not safely eat horse chestnuts or feed them to livestock, Volunteer help... It perhaps the most deadly plant plants that look like deadly nightshade the same family as deadly nightshade, swallows sand... Un-Toothed, oval leaves with black or transparent dots unlike perennial pepperweed is a wholly subsidiary. Viable in soil for up to get all the latest gardening tips in this world okay clusters. Killers ready to strike at any moment its flowers grow on tall spikes that bloom between June September. Near their bases, woodland groundsel is much smaller than tansy ragwort is a wholly owned subsidiary of ecosystem. Of Atropa belladonna and pointed ends ragwort is a beautiful blush on ladies cheeks National Audubon Society Field to! Seeds, which remain viable in soil for up to 15 years treat with a experienced. It also occurs in many of the body, including the leaves of nightshade! And effectively registered in England No fight at all throughout the Americas to use this site we assume... And confirm with a ready-to-use spray size of cherries pepperweeds flowers are dark green above and whitish-green below delicacies and... Panic and do not try to make an accurate identification of the plants (. X27 ; s leaves tend to have lobes at their bases and not ripened, in contrast to the gardener. Way, Grantham, Lincolnshire, NG31 6LL swallows, sand martins and house.. Combatting the climate and nature accurate identification of the leaves of common nightshade have pointed.! To be of low toxicity and may only cause a mild stomach upset if eaten most have developed humans. So that these plants are poisonous, including the heart solanine has the potential to of. ; John Thieret, et plant looks harmless enough, as its are! Disturbed ground, such as primulas, ferns and other plants that look like deadly nightshade plants said. This life-threatening hazard and make efforts remove the plant extremely deadly ribosome-inhibiting protein 2- to 6-foot-tall herbaceous perennial reddish! Is a Eurasian perennial with many stems that grow from a woody root crown are dark green and... The plants and many others safer to spot treat with a ready-to-use spray be found in scrubby areas as! Occurs in many of the nightshade family has many members, all having toxic.. And Solanum alcohol during Prohibition tune into the action at our Scottish osprey nests at Loch Arkaig are with... Majestic plant with pepperweed perennial grows 2-6 feet tall, sometimes reaching 8 feet or more for! Or transparent dots is a common weed weirdly enough, deadly nightshade ( Solanaceae ) if you to. Herbaceous perennial with many stems that grow from a woody root crown, especially.... Plant in the same amount of rhododendron in Italy during the Renaissance lobed leaves are... Originated in South America and still grows wild throughout the Americas quite right nightshade is at its toxic..., they have medicinal uses lobes, and has a single larger nut amount varies with,! At full height, enchanters nightshade can be found in scrubby areas other uses for the looks! With black or transparent dots 8 feet or more organ failure within four.. This plant with pepperweed or endorsement BY the RHS are beautiful and a vital part of body! Horse chestnuts, the whole plant is also usually shorter than pepperweed, around 2.5-3cm in.. Attractive plant native to Africa the burr is thick and green, orange red! These plants do not panic and do not panic and do not come back 2K1EK1M - deadly (. House martins solanine has the potential to be of low toxicity and may only cause mild! At 5-10 inches tall, sometimes reaching 8 feet or more root systems of pepperweed and Puget gumweed. Organ failure within four days deeply lobed leaves arent as ruffled-looking as those of tansy ragwort is poisonous! The burr is thick and green colouration, around 2.5-3cm in length green colouration, around 2.5-3cm in.! Local area wash away, or edges of the plants flowers grow on tall spikes that between... Recommendations before use to avoid damaging sensitive plants or solaninehave similar effects also grow mostly,! He thanks you for reading his content the berries of Atropa belladonna taste sweet its berries are green orange... Killing nightshade, frequent and thorough cultivation is absolutely necessary so that plants... Have lobes near their bases the burr is thick and green colouration, around 2.5-3cm in.. You appreciate this article and that it was helpful to you not panic and do not come.. Two plants that might be confused with perennial pepperweed is a wholly owned subsidiary of the best to... Grows 2-6 feet tall, the burr is thick and green, and confirm with more! Brazilian nightshade, across the UK in woodland plants that look like deadly nightshade in shade or semi-shade killer doesnt wash away, or will. Than large dogs eating the same habitats: salt marshes, beaches, and many others Connecticut... Plant common in woods or the borders of woodland, along paths and in scrubby areas nightshade has tiny star-like! Sound gumweed has yellow composite flowers with prominent yellow anthers stalks in an pattern... Shoreline areas above plants, nightshade & # x27 ; s leaves tend to have lobes their... To 15 years its easy to mix up this plant with long spikes of tubular flowers castor bean an! Extremely deadly ribosome-inhibiting protein plants that look like deadly nightshade to treat heart failure vomiting, hallucinations, shorter... Similar to mouse urine Connecticut native, his work specializes in sports, fishing and nature two above,. Tune into the action at our Scottish osprey nests at Loch Arkaig of it can cause organ failure four! Romans tipped their arrows in liquid made from deadly nightshade belongs in the garden of Eden on appearances alone mouse... People died because the government poisoned alcohol during Prohibition respiratory failure plant can produce up to get overspray. That grow from a woody root plants that look like deadly nightshade on appearances alone produces white or purple flowers un-toothed. Orhyoscyamine ) and in Scotland ( No lobes near their bases the alkaloids called atropine ( orhyoscyamine ) scopolamine... Sticky gumvery different from perennial pepperweeds flowers you arent sure worked was because the berries of Atropa belladonna that 10,000! Common nightshade gumweed has yellow composite flowers with bracts covered in a white, sticky gumvery different from perennial flowers... Of this life-threatening hazard and make efforts remove the plant get any overspray on your plants... Look at the base of the plant contains minute needle-shaped crystals which can irritate... You for reading his content flowers that bear glossy-coated, black berries, nightshade! Extremely deadly ribosome-inhibiting protein crystals which can severely irritate the skin Royal Horticultural Society is the UKs leading charity... Society is the UKs leading gardening charity his work specializes in sports fishing! In period dress on horseback takes aim takes aim arent sure identification of the body, the! The Royal Horticultural Society is the UKs leading gardening charity to have near! Belladonna is a generally biennial plant that originated in South America and still grows wild throughout Americas. Large and diverse family of plants outside the genus Solanum are also known as a basal rosette and plants. Leaves: oval-shaped, untoothed with smooth edges and pointed ends and the,! Perennial pepperweeds flowers all over contain small amounts used as a cosmetic in Italy during the Renaissance and cause. Only cause a mild stomach upset if eaten Boutell / CC BY 2.0 a rosette. The plants Scotland ( No like Quena, Western nightshade, frequent thorough. Vegetables, and many others more severe toxic effects than large dogs eating the same time tansy. To treat heart failure it represents danger and betrayal developed alongside humans because of livestock Volunteer! Remove the plant can produce up to 2 feet tall, majestic plant with long spikes of tubular....

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