Antigua Yacht Club Marina depth; can accomodate yachts with draft in excess of 25ft. Director, Florida Institute of Oceanography, St. Petersburg. The Windward Islands comprising of Trinidad and Tobago, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Barbados, Martinique, and Saint Vincent and Grenadines. Islands are inhabited by some endemic species such as rock iguanas and American crocodile. The Arctic Ocean is in the north polar region and borders North America and Eurasia. The Aves Ridge, incomplete at its southern extremity, separates the Venezuelan Basin from the small Grenada Basin, which is bounded to the east by the Antillean arc of islands. The Caribbean Sea has a diverse and rich ecosystem. The Caribbean Sea is home to about 9% of the worlds coral reefs covering about 50,000 square kilometers (19,000 square miles), most of which are located off the Caribbean Islands and the Central American coast. Omissions? Silverstein, Alvin (1998) Weather And Climate (Science Concepts); page 17. Plunge has significant ecological consequences, Conservation International Caribbean Islands, An Overview of Land Based Sources of Marine Pollution, Reefs at Risk in the Caribbean: Economic Valuation Methodology, Guide to Marine Life: Caribbean-Bahamas-Florida, Defying Ocean's End: An Agenda For Action, Center For Advanced Study on Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, Caribbean Basin Trade and Partnership Act, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Sea&oldid=1148478553, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles using infobox body of water without alt, Articles using infobox body of water without pushpin map alt, Articles using infobox body of water without alt bathymetry, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles containing Haitian Creole-language text, Articles containing Jamaican Patois-language text, Articles containing Papiamento-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 April 2023, at 12:01. 177178. All of the oceans on Earth are estimated to have a volume of 0.3 billion cubic miles (1.332 billion cubic kilometers) and an average depth of 12,080.7 feet (3,682.2 meters). Despite the vast ice in the Arctic Ocean, you can find over 5,500 animal species adapted to the cold habitats. The climate of the area is tropical, varying from tropical rainforest in some areas to tropical savanna in others. The Caribbean Sea has the world's second largest barrier reef, the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. (Image credit: NOAA). The Random House atlas of the oceans. Papahnaumokukea Marine National Monument, Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, Scientists discover hydrothermal vent activity in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Watch live April 15-26: NOAA expedition to the deep ocean off the U.S. West Coast. The Caribbean's depth in its wider basins and deep-water temperatures are similar to those of the Atlantic. So far, scientists have discovered that the maximum depth of the Caribbean Sea is 25,217 feet. Some of them are Gulf of Venezuela, Golfo de los Mosquitos, Gulf of Honduras etc. The Caribbean Sea is home to 22 islands and over 1,400 species of marine mammals, fish, and coastal mangroves. Have a comment on this page? Treaty on maritime boundaries between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean), . It runs along the Caribbean coasts of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. The existing sediment cover of the seabed consists of red clay in the deep basins and trenches, globigerina ooze (a calcareous marine deposit) on the rises, and pteropod ooze on the ridges and continental slopes. Of all the five oceans, the Pacific is the largest. [1] [2] The sea's deepest point is the Cayman Trough, between the Cayman Islands and Jamaica, at 7,686 . During the first century of European colonization, Spanish dominance in the region remained undisputed. [15], The habitats supported by the reefs are critical to such tourist activities as fishing and diving, and provide an annual economic value to Caribbean nations of US$3.14.6billion. The salinity of the seawater is about 3.6%, and its density is 1,023.51,024.0kg/m3 (63.9063.93lb/cuft). The Coral sea is home to the Coral Sea Islands and supports over 7,000 species. Sea of the Atlantic Ocean bounded by North, Central and South America. 000, 000 sq km 000, 000 sq mi 000, 000 cu km 000, 000 cu mi m ft. Atlantic Ocean. Surface. It is estimated that 13 thousand species of plants grow in the Caribbean of which 6.5 thousand are endemic. The next Okeanos Explorer expedition will take place from July to September in the Pacific Ocean in and around Papahnaumokukea Marine National MonumentandHawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary. What is the Maximum Depth of the Caribbean Sea? The Indian Ocean is home to several islands, including Madagascar (4th largest island globally). The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and the deepest recorded point is 5,109 m (16,762 ft) 1 m (3 ft) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. This arc was formed by the collision of the South American Plate with the Caribbean Plate and includes active and extinct volcanoes such as Mount Pelee, the Quill (volcano) on Sint Eustatius in the Caribbean Netherlands and Morne Trois Pitons on Dominica. To understand how vast water bodies are, you may consider looking into the sizes of various oceans and seas. The Caribbean hurricane season as a whole lasts from June through November, with the majority of hurricanes occurring during August and September. The Pacific Ocean basin covers approximately 1/3 of the Earths surface, making up about 46% of the water surface globally. 700 85. In neither hydrology nor climate, however, does the Caribbean resemble the Mediterranean. Iturralde-Vinent, Manuel (2004), The first inhabitants of the Caribbean, Cuban Science Network . When tropical waters become unusually warm for extended periods of time, microscopic plants called zooxanthellae, which are symbiotic partners living within the coral polyp tissues, die off. Seafloor Depth Data from: August 2008 National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA The depth of the ocean floor varies widely, from large shallow coastal areas full of sun and life to the darkness of. National Geophysical Data Center, 1999. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000 square kilometers (1,063,000 square miles). The Caribbean Sea floor also features two deep oceanic trenches namely the Puerto Rico Trench and the Cayman Trench, which makes the entire Caribbean Sea region highly seismically active. Because of these characteristics, the area was identified by members of the ocean science community as important to explore, and data from the expedition will likely have long-lasting implications for scientists and resource managers in the Caribbean. Situated on the floor of the western Caribbean Sea between the Jamaica and Cayman Islands is the Cayman Trench (Bartlett Deep), which reaches a depth of 7,686m below the sea level and is the deepest point of the Caribbean Sea. Corrections? The Antilles along with Central America lie in the flight path of migrating birds from North America so the size of populations is subject to seasonal fluctuations. It is fed by the westward-flowing North Equatorial Current moving from North Africa to the West Indies. The climate of the Caribbean generally is tropical, but there are great local variations, depending on mountain elevation, water currents, and the trade winds. This graphic shows several ocean floor features on a scale from 0-35,000 feet below sea level. The Caribbean Sea is an oceanic sea largely situated on the Caribbean Plate. The Caribbean remained like this for most of the Cenozoic until the Holocene when rising water levels of the oceans restored communication with the Atlantic Ocean. Coral reefs support some of the most diverse marine habitats in the world, but they are fragile ecosystems. The Mona ground iguana which inhabits the island of Mona, Puerto Rico, is endangered. The Caribbean Sea is subdivided into five basins that are separated from each other by submerged ranges and ridges. Due to climate change, this ocean has been getting warmer about four times faster than other parts of the world. [32] The area also generates a large fishing industry for the surrounding countries, accounting for 500,000 tonnes (490,000 long tons; 550,000 short tons) of fish a year. The shallow sill depths of the Antillean arc block the entry of Antarctic bottom water, so that the bottom temperature of the Caribbean Sea is close to 39 F (4 C), as compared with the Atlantic bottom temperature of less than 36 F (2 C). During the first and second phases the basin was free of deformation. The Caribbean Sea mostly occupies the Caribbean Plate and features many island arcs which separate it from the ocean. Thank you for reading! While the Southern. Herman Molls' 1732 Map of the Caribbean. Of the endemic species 48 are threatened with extinction including the Puerto Rican amazon, and the Zapata wren. The tropical rainforest climates include lowland areas near the Caribbean Sea from Costa Rica north to Belize, as well as the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, while the more seasonal dry tropical savanna climates are found in Cuba, northern Venezuela, and southern Yucatn, Mexico. The islands of Curaao and Aruba experience arid climates. The Caribbean sea floor is also home to two oceanic trenches: the Cayman Trench and Puerto Rico Trench, which put the area at a high risk of earthquakes. The surface water colour is blue-green to green. American Oceans, Stingray vs Manta Ray: Their Differences Explained. While the Caribbean Sea may sound never-ending, there is a maximum depth. Throughout history, the Arabian Sea served as an essential water body for numerous seaports and trade routes. This dataset provides a look at how ocean temperature changes each season through the depths of the ocean. The region has several types of sea turtle (loggerhead, green turtle, hawksbill, leatherback turtle, Atlantic ridley and olive ridley). There are 90 species of mammals in the Caribbean including sperm whales, humpback whales and dolphins. The Arctic Ocean is home to thousands of islands, including the Arctic Archipelago north of Canada. Guide to the Oceans. Off the northeastern coast of South America, this current splits into the Caribbean Current, which passes into the Caribbean Sea and through the . they had been visited in the 10th century, List of Caribbean countries by population, "Tsunamis in the Caribbean? Sea surface temperature monitoring tells us how the ocean and atmosphere interact, as well as providing fundamental data on the global climate system . Some of these notable endemic floral species include guaiac wood, Bayahibe rose, and ceiba. Surface currents, bearing both high- and low-salinity water depending on the source, enter the Caribbean mainly through the channels and passages of the southern Antilles. The younger Cenozoic beds (formed during the last 65 million years) are generally horizontal, having been laid down after the deformations occurred. The average depth is about 2,200 meters (7,220 feet) below the seas surface. Surface water temperatures in the Pacific vary from 1.4 C in the poleward areas to about 30 C near the equator. The larger islands in the northern part of the sea Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico lie on an older island arc. The average depth of this ocean is 3,741 m, deeper than the Atlantic Ocean. The Caribbean Sea is also considered to be home to a large fishing industry. The region has a high level of biodiversity and many species are endemic to the Caribbean. Tourist attractions of the region are those generally associated with a maritime tropical climate: Scuba diving and snorkeling on coral reefs, cruises, sailing, and game fishing at sea. Three phases of sedimentation have been identified. Updates? At that time the Americas in general were unknown to most Europeans, although they had been visited in the 10th century by the Vikings. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Tourism is also a big industry of the areas around the Caribbean Sea. Panel Chairman in Marine Biology, Gulf University Research Corporation. (2004). Tropical storms reaching a hurricane velocity of more than 75 miles (120 km) per hour are seasonally common in the northern Caribbean as well as in the Gulf of Mexico; they are almost nonexistent in the far south. The Arabian Sea is part of the northern Indian Ocean and sits between the Arabian Peninsula, India, the Gulf of Oman, Pakistan, and Iran. The Caribbean Sea has a tropical climate influenced by trade winds. The Caribbean Sea is also massive, with an area of 1,063,000 square miles. Situated in the southwestern part of the Gulf, the Sigsbee Deep (Mexico Basin) is the deepest region in the Gulf of Mexico that has an estimated depth of over 4,384m. The wind-driven surface water accumulates in the Yucatn Basin and the Gulf of Mexico, where it results in a higher average sea level than in the Atlantic, forming a hydrostatic head that is believed to constitute the main driving force of the Gulf Stream. The mahogany is the national tree of the Dominican Republic and Belize. Scientific data reveals that over the last 500 years the area has seen a dozen earthquakes above 7.5 magnitude. Today, large coastal populations, pollution, and intense fishing are the primary concerns in this sea. On the western side is the Gulf of Aden, which connects this sea to the Red Sea. It lies between latitudes 30 and 46 N and longitudes 6 W and 36 E. ( the 377ft. Guide to the Oceans. In the tropical waters of the Caribbean Sea the average temperature is 27C (81F) and it varies no more than 3C. Moll's map covers all of the West Indies . 03 of 10 The South China Sea Taro Hama @ e-kamakura / Getty Images Area: 895,400 square miles (2,319,000 sq km) Average depth: 5,419 feet (1,652 m) Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. This ocean is relatively calm and offers significant sea routes for transporting materials such as oil, rice, sugar, and silk. Upper sedimentary layers relate to the period from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic (250million years ago to present) and the lower layers from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic. The Caribbean has been well-traveled for 300 years, and this historic map by Herman Molls is surprisingly complete and accurate. Live video from a 2013 expedition to deep-sea canyons off the northeast Atlantic coast of the U.S. garnered more than 875,000 views, he said. Ocean is home to over 9,000 species, most are near extinction. In the early Carboniferous movement of Gondwana to the north and its convergence with the Euramerica basin decreased in size. Deposits on the bottom of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico have a thickness of about 1km (0.62mi). The Caribbeans greatest known depth is Cayman Trench (Bartlett Deep) between Cuba and Jamaica, approximately 25,216 feet (7,686 metres) below sea level. Near the end of the second phase, gentle warping and faulting occurred, forming the Aves and Beata ridges. [17] Also, several charitable organisations have been formed to preserve the Caribbean marine life, such as Caribbean Conservation Corporation which seeks to study and protect sea turtles while educating others about them. Following the regions discovery by Columbus, the Caribbean islands began to be colonized by several countries including Spain, Dutch Republic, France, England, Denmark, etc. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Many James Bond adventures were set there. The Caribbean Sea has the worlds second largest barrier reef, the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. Subantarctic intermediate water (i.e., water differing in several characteristics from the surface and bottom layers of water that it separates) enters the Caribbean below the Anegada Passage at depths of 1,600 to 3,300 feet (500 to 1,000 metres). The geological age of the Caribbean Sea is estimated to be between 160 and 180 million years and was formed by a horizontal fracture that split the supercontinent called Pangea in the Mesozoic Era. It is the world's fifth-deepest water body and is deeper than one of the world's oceans (Arctic Ocean). It has an average depth of 7 meters, with its deepest point descending to only 14 m. Oceans and seas cover approximately 97% of Earths water. Its home to over 1,769 species, including whales, sharks, sardines, tuna, sea turtles, and wahoo. Interestingly, the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean is close to the Cayman Trough. Together with the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea has been erroneously termed the American Mediterranean, owing to the fact that, like the Mediterranean Sea, it is located between two continental landmasses. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Oceania in the west and the Americas in the east.. At 165,250,000 square kilometers (63,800,000 square miles) in area (as defined with a . The name Caribbean derives from the Caribs, one of the region's dominant Native American groups at the time of European contact during the late 15th century. The rainfall varies with the elevation and water current and ranging from less than 12 inches a year on the Bonaire Island to about 350 inches a year in the areas around Dominica. [18], In connection with the foregoing, the Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, conducted a regional study, funded by the Department of Technical Cooperation of the International Atomic Energy Agency, in which specialists from 11 Latin American countries (Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Dominican Republic, Venezuela) plus Jamaica participated. The sea vents in the Cayman Trough reach up to 400 Celsius (752 Fahrenheit). Such storms also have been a major cause of crop failure in the region. The Pacific Ocean borders the continents of North and South America, Asia, and Australia. [11] The surface water (30m; 100ft) acts as an extension of the northern Atlantic as the Guiana Current and part of the North Equatorial Current enter the sea on the east. The Pacific Ocean is the oldest of all existing oceans. While some people believe the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean are the same, this is only partially true. Following the discovery of the islands by Columbus, the area was quickly colonized by several Western cultures (initially Spain, then later England, the Dutch Republic, France, Courland and Denmark). The Cayman Basin, to the south, is partially separated from the Yucatn Basin by Cayman Ridge, an incomplete fingerlike ridge that extends from the southern part of Cuba toward Guatemala, rising above the surface at one point to form the Cayman Islands. There's a pesky problem in a wide stretch of the Atlantic Ocean that's likely to wash up on some beaches later this year: Seaweed. It covers about 1/3 of the Earth. During the Cretaceous the Caribbean acquired the shape close to that seen today. Elder, Danny and Pernetta, John. Pernetta, John. These waters are then forced by the trade winds through the narrow Yucatn Channel into the Gulf of Mexico. 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