Since much of Teagardens best work was as a sideman rather than a leader, many of his best recordings are included in collections of other artists work. Being a friend and not a snoop I never dug into Jacks personal affairs so I do not know whether he stayed married very long to that cute little blond girl or not. Two drinks later, Pee Wee was back with the guy, who was wearing a horrible looking cap and overcoat and carrying a trombone case under his arm. The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, for one, calls him the finest of all jazz trombonists.. He teamed up with Louis Armstrongs All-Stars for some classic recordings in the late 1940s and formed the Jack Teagarden All Stars Dixieland band in 1951. Jack Teagarden was among the first white musicians to absorb and project the Negro blues tradition. I promised my wife a mink coat six months ago, before I hit the road. There is a select inner circle whose musicianship has defied the censorship of shifting fashions, and through a special sort of genius created for themselves a vast, impressive symbol synonymous with their name and art. Mr. Teagarden was generally regarded as one of the masters of the jazz trombone. One moment, you will be redirected shortly. The song earned $22,000, Eddie swears, and Jack wouldnt take a dime. And as he drove along another car hit him from the rear. All these guys include legendary musicians like Bigard, Earl Hines, Bing and Bob Crosby, the Dorsey brothers, and even Walt Disney, who shared Teagardens lifelong love of steam engines and model railroads. Teagarden had a mechanical bent and a life-long interest in tinkering with things, and he invented the water glass mute effect, in which the bell section of the trombone is removed and an empty water glass placed over the end of the instrument tubing (of the mouthpiece section). Jack Teagarden was a trombone player, singer, and band leader whose career spanned from the 1. Armstrong apparently considered Teagarden a friend, not a rival, and they continued to work together from time to time. small band for the most of his career. A real wonderful guy to be around, but when he played his horn, he really played it.. If I Could Be with You (One Hour To-night) Jack Teagarden and His Orchestra. We had to agree with Pee Wee, wed never heard anyone play trombone like that. In the 1950s, he recorded six albums for Capitol, and they are reissued in full . Few people realize that Teagarden, known as Tea or simply T, lived his last years in South Florida. Pollack's recordings were Teagarden's first. For instance, Jack and crew jammed with the King of Cambodia who as clarinetist had jammed with his idol, Benny Goodman, when Benny had toured that area few years earlier. Jack Teagarden was a trombone player, singer, and band leader whose career spanned from the 1920s territory and New York jazz scenes to shortly before his death in 1964. Mr. Teagarden toured the Far East for the State Department during the winter of 195859, and regarded the trip as a high point of his career. She also worked with disadvantaged youth. Its the trombone artistry of Jack Teagarden. "image": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/allaboutjazz/photos/profile/musician/e0e7e2a4dbeb66bf0ce1964893bdd.jpg", About 1923 he briefly attempted to enter the oilfield business in Wichita Falls but soon gave up the venture and returned to music. It is for that kind of lyric and melodic beauty that we should listen to Jack Teagarden, because such are the standards he has set for himself. One of the classic giants of jazz, Jack Teagarden was not only the top pre-bop trombonist (playing his instrument with the ease of a trumpeter) but one of the best jazz singers too. Beginning on trombone at age seven, Teagarden was entirely self-taught. Atwell has never forgiven the media for that. There have been times when Teagarden didnt need a rhythm section. He led one of the longest-lasting big bands, from 1939 to 1946, but his generosity, poor business judgment and the war combined to close it down. What he heardhelped shape his style. Sep. 8, 2021. As a jazz artist he won the 1944 Esquire magazine Gold Award, was highly rated in the Metronome polls of 1937-42 and 1945, and was selected for the Playboy magazine All Star Band, 1957-60. Out of this, its surmised, he drew his earliest feeling for the blues. Soundtrack: Reminiscence. What mattered was that Hack was a guy dedicated to the sound a hard-lipped genius can get out of a sliphorn. His daring solos with Ben Pollack triggered Glenn Miller to de-emphasize his very own using the music group, and through the past due-20s/early Depression period, Mr. In what the documentary calls one of the most important jazz recordings ever made, Teagarden and Armstrong ignored the advice of friends in 1929 and joined together to makeKnockin A Jug. He was an inventor, redesigning mouthpieces, mutes, and water valves He also started using Ponds Cold Cream and Pam Cooking lubricant on his trombone. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. equal. And when hed done with that, he started on the blues, still by himself. He was buried in Los Angeles. They belong to him not because he had a hand in writing them (he didnt) but because he pops in mind as the singer whenever these tunes are brought to mind. Armstrong's "All-Stars", and Louis Armstrong considered him to be his No accompanist, just neat. Eva Taylor, Accomp. So my Hungarian friend went on the book-binding project but he toted his cymbalom along and the book bindery became the most melodious WPA project that never got off the ground. Born on Aug. Reset your passwordClick the eye to show your password. The two musical geniuses, whose mutual admiration knew no bounds, play those horns united in soul and sound. A short digression into the mechanics of trombone playing will explain why. Looks like we don't have salary information. It really avoided him from leading what would ultimately became the Bob Crosby Orchestra. Mother Helen was a ragtime pianist. Jacks brother, Charlie Teagarden, played trumpet off and on in Jacks bands and did freelance work for several well-known bandleaders, including Paul Whiteman, Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey, and Bob Crosby. The cause of death was bronchial pneumonia, which had followed a liver ailment. Charlie is still active with a band in Las Vegas. Instrument: Trombone His father played trumpet, as did brother Charlie, while brother Clois played drums, and sister Norma played piano. His voice, with an engaging Southern drawl, ranged somewhere between the rasp of Louis Armstrong and the smooth sound of Bing Crosby, with whom he was professionally associated from time to time. Jack spent considerable time as a youth listening to the music and the hymn singing at Negro religious meetings. [2] In the mid-1920s he started traveling widely around the United States in a quick succession of different bands. Inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame in 1985. Although Teagarden enjoyed a long career, it was at this point that he had the greatest effect on the history of jazz. In the upper register, notes in any position are closer together, and many notes can be played in more than one position. Although he once sang a blues line that testified he was born in Texas and raised in Tennessee. The film clip is all too brief: Louis Armstrong on trumpet and Jack Teagarden on trombone, in a dueling-banjos-style duet. Jack Teagarden Follow Artist + Jazz trombonist, vocalist, and bandleader who became a latter-day champion of the classic New Orleans style. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. Harrison also played in the upper register of the instrument, so that he could play fast trumpet-style licks, but his playing is still firmly in the jazz brass tradition, with hard, clear articulations. I gotta keep moving., So we grabbed a taxi and rode over to a shoddy little cabaret. His nickname was Little T. Born in Vernon, Texas, Teagarden worked locally in Oklahoma before he and Jack joined Ben Pollack's Orchestra in 1929. Performer: Jack Teagarden and his Orchestra; Jack Teargarden Writer: Kennedy; Carr Vocal Chorus. Having grown up in an area with a large black population, Teagarden developed an early appreciation of black music, especially the blues and gospel He was one of the first jazz musicians to incorporate blue notes into his playing. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jack-Teagarden, All About Jazz - Biography of Jack Teagarden, Texas State Historical Association - The Handbook of Texas Online - Biography of Weldon Leo Teagarden, Jack Teagarden - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The tax is murder, he says. We were flabbergasted.. Weve been hearing a lot about you. Among the vintage giants of jazz, Jack port Teagarden had not been only the very best pre-bop trombonist (taking part in his instrument using the simple a trumpeter) but one of the better jazz performers too. Atwell, divorced and mother of four children, moved from California to join them. Jack. He and Addie settled in California, and he formed a small band again. [5], By 1920, Teagarden was playing professionally in San Antonio, including with the band of pianist Peck Kelley. Only the very rare exceptions are universal favorites among fans of all schools. Charlie Teagarden (July 19, 1913 - December 10, 1984), known as 'Smokey Joe', was an American jazz trumpeter. When in 1951 he left Armstrong and with his wife Addie, who became business manager, formed the sextet, he had settled into the life of a responsible jazz musician and family man with Addie and Joe Teagarden, his newborn son. Weldon Leo "Jack" Teagarden (August 20, 1905 January 15, 1964)[1] was an American jazz trombonist and singer. An honest kind of artistry, Teagardens tromboning is generally credited with having advanced the instrument to the high level of technical achievement it enjoys among todays modern musicians, and, at the same time, has stated a case for the lyrical quality in jazz for the nearly forty years he has been playing professionally. It is too often for the jazz musician a case of a quick fling before the footlights, then oblivion. This is a Teagarden album like nothing else in his 40-year discography. And Jack was blowing his big horn around a shattered segment of the old Keith vaudeville circuit. His tombstone reads simply, Where there is hatred, let me sow love, Courtesy of the Miami Herald, e-mail:sreisinger@herald.com I said, Mrs. Among the many tunes which are his are Basin Street Blues (he and Glenn Miller combines on the lyrics of the now-famous blues, although neither is credited on the sheet music), Stars Fell on Alabama, Pennies From Heaven, Rockin Chair, and Ive Got a Right to Sing the Blues. Therefore he has to take something shorter than the original, and make it complete in itself yet not so final that what follows his solo will sound like padding. Born in Vernon, Texas, on Aug. 20, 1905, he started on the trombone at the age of 7. He led his own band (193947), played with Louis Armstrong (194751), and re-formed his band (195157). She remembers one incident It must have been around 1949 or 50 and the band was playing in Las Vegas. Mom and I sat down at a table, and when the hand was finished with their set, Dad came down and sat with us. But Whitemans group kept him a little too busy doing highly- arranged popular music, and he left when his contract was up. First is a delightful biographic sketch of Jack Teagarden written for the January, 1960 issue of International Musician Magazine. Beginning on trombone at age seven, Teagarden was entirely self-taught. From 1947 to 1951 he toured with the Louis In 1918, after his fathers death, the family moved to Chappell, Nebraska, where he and his mother again worked in the local theater. He left Armstrong and formed the Jack Teagarden All Stars Dixieland band in 1951. While the legal issues are being sorted, the documentary, calledTime for T, has been shown only at jazz festivals and has not been released to the public. In 1964, while playing the Dream Room in New Orleans, he succumbed to pneumonia, brought on by a lifetime of too much booze, too many cigarettes and too many one-night stands. Born on Aug. 29, 1905, Teagarden learned trombone by the age of 10. His former wife had taken all the spirit out of him when she sued for divorce and got custody of the restaurant which supported him and his cymbalom. The musicians thought he was some kind of gag. He had 14 side men in his band and the band fronted a stage show you could get in to see for 85 cents if you had 85 cents, which not many people did. Trombonist, singer. My sources disagree concerning which band brought Teagarden to New York, and with whom he made his earliest recording, but there is agreement that he arrived in New York in 1927 and was playing with Ben Pollacks orchestra by 1928. Teagarden's early career was as a sideman with the likes of Paul Whiteman and lifelong friend Louis Armstrong. I just pick up my horn and play what I feel., His singing was marked by an infectious Panhandle accenthe was born in Texasandby an individual manner of slurring his words. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Jack Teagarden Wiki: Salary, Married, Wedding, Spouse, Family Weldon Leo "Jack" Teagarden (August 20, 1905 - January 15, 1964), known as "Big T" and "The Swingin' Gate", was an American jazz trombonist, bandleader, composer, and vocalist, regarded as the "Father of Jazz Trombone". And when he placed his arm around the younger Goldies shoulder, there was genuine affection in the embrace. His creative instinct is unerring, rhythmically and harmonic- ally, and is creatively superb. Teagarden appeared in the movies Birth of the Blues (1941), The Glass Wall (1953), and Jazz on a Summers Day (1959). Desperate to keep afloat, the group played too many gigs at which they were expected to have a sweet, popular sound. Teagardens life story frames the history of the jazz movement in America, rising through the 20s and 30s, struggling through World War II, and nearly drowned out by the screaming birth of rock and roll in the 50s. NEW ORLEANS, Jan. 15 (AP) Jack Teagarden, the jazz trombonist and singer, died today in a New Orleans motel. I dont want a coat, she wailed. I love that big lug and I just want him to save some of his money!. [2], In the late 1920s, he recorded with such bandleaders and sidemen as Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Bix Beiderbecke, Red Nichols, Jimmy McPartland, Mezz Mezzrow, Glenn Miller, Eddie Condon, and Fats Waller. Historians and critics widely agree: No one disputes Jack Teagardens place in the trombone pantheon(Morgenstern, 2004, p.292). In addition, he was an inventor, redesigning mouthpieces, mutes, and watervalves and inventing a new musical slide rule. But the Whiteman group was not particularly musically inspired. He did not follow the traditional Dixieland tailgate treatment of his instrument. Ben Pollack invited him to join his orchestra in 1928, and that year Teagarden recorded the first of what would be scores of records,Just Roll Along. Also Teagarden tuned the two available pianos in the remote city of Kabul, Afghanistan, where most of the populace had never seen brass musical instruments before. Drummer Cotton Bailey gave him the nickname Jack when he was 15 or 16 because Bailey didnt think Weldon was suitable to a musician, and it stuck. He sang like he played, one observer said, in a smooth, sleepy Texas drawl. See also Always an innovator, Teagarden made history by removing the body of his horn and, using only his slide and mouthpiece, played an empty water glass stuck on the end of the tubing. Pee Wee introduced us. To a guy like Jack, I suspect that was more important than almost anything else in the world. In 1949, the All-Stars traveled to Europe, where they did 65 concerts in 35 days. But their music, and their lifelong friendship, rose above the bigotry. Tell us why you would like to improve the Jack Teagarden musician page. Jack Teagarden was a trombone player, singer, and band leader whose career spanned from the 1920's territory and New York jazz scenes to shortly before his death in 1964. Fort Lauderdale civic activist Vernajean Atwell, stepdaughter of noted trombonist Jack Teagarden plays with her adopted dogs. He had been playing baritone and trombone for nine years in his school band when at age 16 he walked into the club where Peck Kelley, the pianist, was rehearsing his band. I was outraged. Weldon Leo "Jack" Teagarden (August 20, 1905 - January 15, 1964) was an American jazz trombonist and singer. Teagardens gently-articulated style gives the trombone a lyrical, almost vocal quality (without having the extremely sweet ballad-type sound that, for example, Tommy Dorsey made famous) and has in fact been compared to his own (Teagardens) singing style. But they could not keep him from sitting on a fence near his home and listening to theNegroes singing in a church next door. Jack Teagarden played trombone with a relaxed style and a unique technique that still inspires awe even today. He places placards, printed at his own expense, on tables wherever he appears as a player but not a singer. Sorry! To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. Teagarden's early career was as a sideman with the likes of Paul Whiteman and lifelong friend Louis Armstrong. He joined the Peck Kelly band in 1921, when he was sixteen years old, and hasnt been off the scene since. He wouldnt be Jack Teagarden if it came out any other way. Los Angeles-based La Santa Cecilia is really a Latin group that pulls inspiration from all , Your email address will not be published. Weldon Leo (Jack) Teagarden, jazz musician, known also as Jackson T., Mr. T, and Big Gate, was born in Vernon, Texas, on August 20, 1905, to Charles and Helen (Geinger) Teagarden. 78_somebody-loves-me_eddie-condon-and-his-orchestra-jack-teagarden-bobby-hackett-billy_gbia0195458b Location USA Scanner Internet Archive Python library 1.9.0 Scanningcenter George Blood, L.P. "url": "https://www.allaboutjazz.com/musicians/jack-teagarden" This may be overstatement, but it does underscore a fact that all sources seem to agree on; like his trombone style, his singing style seems to have been both uniquely his own and authentic bluesy jazz. It is a beautiful thing, and I think that anyone who responds to melody can listen to it and understand its beauty and its orginality. Brother of pianist Norma Teagarden (1911-1996); trumpeter, New and Upcoming Science Fiction and Fantasy, (1942 - January 15, 1964) (his death, 1 child), View agent, publicist, legal and company contact details on IMDbPro. While still in He was the younger brother of Jack Teagarden. Although he never achieved commercial success, he retained his full powers until the end of his life. His father, an amateur comet player, worked in the oilfields, and his mother was a local piano instructor and church organist. In the 1930s he was married to and divorced from, successively, Clare Manzi of New York City and Edna Billie Coats. The trip covered a grueling eighteen weeks and as many countries. Jack Teagarden apparently did not like this tailgate style of trombone-playing. Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Red Nichols and Eddie Condon. Size 10.0 Source 78 User_cleaned Bai Konte Johnson User_metadataentered Innodata User 02 User_transferred Jordan Gold He was an inventor, redesigning mouthpieces, mutes, and water valves and inventing a new musical slide rule. While his most innovative days were in the late '20s and '30s, he remained a viable and highly enjoyable jazzman (and a popular attraction on the Dixieland circuit) up until his death in 1964. He was 58 years old and had reportedly been suffering from pneumonia. Jack Teagarden (born August 20, 1905, Vernon, Texas, USA - died January 15, 1964, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA) was an American jazz trombonist, bandleader, composer and vocalist. He was such an excellent musician that youthful sibling Charlie (a fantastic trumpeter) was generally overshadowed. The listener knows she is in the presence of something rare and wondrous and magical two spirits soaring to the beat of one drummer, a drummer no one else can hear. Mr. Teagarden was christened Weldon John, but he was known to jazz fans as Jack or or Big Gate or Big T (to distinguish him from his brother, Charlie, a trumpeter, who was known as Little T). Unfortunately, he had neither the dominant personality nor the business smarts to be a good bandleader, and by the end of that year he was already $46,000 in debt. Jack Teagarden was a famous jazz trombone player. Who Is Jack Teagarden's Wife? The Teagarden brothers (Jack and trumpeter Charlie) are generally considered the only interesting jazzmen to have been part of it, and yet Jack also felt a little out of the limelight. He was also a great jazz Teagarden was also an excellent singer and developed a respected blues vocal style. Teagarden was married first to Ora Binyon in San Angelo, Texas, in 1923; they had two sons before they were divorced. His movies included Birth of the Blues (1941). Teagardens first vocal recording was made with Condon, and also the first recording featuring his use of a water glass as a mute. He was born Weldon Leo Teagarden in 1905 in the small town of Vernon, Texas. But my friends in the band didnt come over and say hello. After years of hard touring and His technique was almost entirely selftaught; until he was 14, his parents kept him isolated from other musicians and even from other children interested in music. His siblings also became professional musicians: his younger sister Norma played piano, his younger brother Charlie, trumpet, and his brother Clois (Cub), drums. It was this background that was probably the greatest influence on all of Teagardens work, both vocal and instrumental, and his use of the blues idiom was so convincing that Fletcher Henderson apparently suspected that Teagarden was colored. Mamo, hewould sing, when the lyrics contained the word mama; fio, when they contained the word fire.. He passed away from a coronary attack four weeks later and it has yet to become replaced. Nevertheless, it had been rather past due to be arranging a fresh orchestra (your competition was brutal) and, although there have been the right musical moments, non-e from the sidemen became popular, the preparations lacked their very own musical character, and by enough time it split up Teagarden was facing personal bankruptcy. Jack took one look and busted out the back door. Your email address will not be published. By 1928 he played for the Ben Pollack band. January 30, 2023 Visiting band leader Paul Whiteman heard the group there and offered Teagarden a position in his New York orchestra. Teagarden was the featured perfomer at the Newport Jazz Festival of 1957. According to various biographies, as a boy he spent hours engrossed in the black spirituals sung at a neighborhood church, and his music would he greatly influenced by them. Mr. Teagarden was mystified by the scholarship and arcane terminology that critics brought to bear on his work.Polyphony, flatted fifths, half tones, he once said, they don't mean a thing. Such memories are the stuff that Jack Teagardens daughter dreams of saving. Looks like we don't have quotes information. I guess thats the only time.. Jack Teagarden, byname of John Weldon Teagarden, (born August 20, 1905, Vernon, Texas, U.S.died January 15, 1964, New Orleans, Louisiana), American jazz trombonist, unique because he developed a widely imitated style that appeared to have arrived fully formed. Whats the big rush? But the cymbalom chap did manage to pick the books he wanted to bind, and the first tome he put back into reading condition was a treatise on the sliphorn. Atwell participated in a documentary of Teagardens life and plans to create a Web site and write a book about him. Traveling with Teagardens band, with her mother as band manager, Atwell remembers 21 straight days of one-night stands, playing in three states in one week, driving as much as 300 miles to play the next nights engagement. During the 50s, Teagarden tried to stop drinking, and he left Armstrongs band to save his health and his marriage. Louis Armstrong, himself in poor health, was so grief-stricken at Teagardens death, Atwell says, that his doctors forced him to bed and wouldnt allow him to attend the funeral. An insurance agent and former Doberman breeder for 30 years, Atwell now trains abused dogs. His technical approach in particular was quite unorthodox. He originally planned to join Whitemans ensemble but happened to hear Ben Pollacks band first. The September 1921 flood that brought death . Show less, One Night Only! One source reports that Tommy Dorsey specialized in sweet ballads specifically because he felt his jazz was inferior next to Jack Teagarden and that Glenn Miller de-emphasized his own trombone playing after a stint playing beside Teagarden in Pollacks orchestra. The trombone slide has seven positions where traditionally notated (chromatic scale) pitches can be played. Teagarden was not a successful band leader, which may explain why he is not as widely known as some other jazz trombonists, but his unusual singing style influenced several other important jazz singers, and he is widely regarded as the one of the greatest, and possibly the greatest, trombonist in the history of jazz. Teagarden was buried in California. Jacks fluency on the trombone has continued to amaze everyone. On short notice, he joined Roger Wolfe Kahn's orchestra for a recording datewearing the largest hangover on Manhattan Island, Kahn recalled later, yet reading the arrangements like a veteran and booting out a pair of choruses which were mildly sensational.. James Infirmary, and W. C. Handy's Beale Street Blues. But like most blues singers, he was capable also of improvising a lyric if the moment was right. [4], Teagarden's trombone style was largely self-taught, and he developed many unusual alternative positions and novel special effects on the instrument. Mr. Teagarden was responsible, in the late twenties, for an addition to jazz folklore. Teagarden left Pollack in 1933, and signed a five-year contract with Paul Whitemans orchestra. While America struggled through the depression, Teagarden gained financial success by joining the Paul Whiteman band in 1933. The fact that the 56-year-old singer-musician has survived the chameleon-like disposition of the public is largely due to the tremendous impact of his personalitystrong-jawed, smiling, and graciously charming. The All Stars did well, but Teagarden left in 1951, in order to once again put together his own band. Using alternate positions and an embouchure that was apparently extremely flexible (meaning he could change the pitch of a note using only small changes in his lips, mouth, and face muscles), Teagarden could play in the way that appealed to him. Teagarden, quite a ladies man, married the first of four wives, and wrote to her prophetically from the road: I have been drinking a terrible lot but I am going to quit.. In New York, Teagarden became enthralled by Harlems black nightclubs, where he was often invited to join late-night jam sessions. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. Weldon Leo "Jack" Teagarden was an American jazz trombonist and singer. Musician Barney Bigard once told her, You were the only person he could ever talk to., Bigard, from his book on Teagarden: He drank a lot, practically all the time in fact, but he always could play and never showed that liquor He was a quite man. Though Vernajean Atwell was a toddler at the time and Teagarden is actually her stepfather, my earliest memories are of him taking care of me. Isham Jones and His Orchestra - Vocal Refrain by Eddie Stone. Lots of clips of Jack, including home movies, as well as interviews with musicians who worked with him, . Theres a sentimental streak in Teagarden that immediately warms an audience, whether it is made apparent in a song or a gracious act onstage, or even an introduction. JP Jazz Archive /Redferns. 1936. Privacy Policy | We do not sell or share your personal information | 2023 All About Jazz & Jazz Near You . Quick Facts Full Name Jack Teagarden Died January 15, 1964, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States Profession Actor, Singer, Bandleader, Trombonist Nationality American Spouse Adeline Barriere, Billie Coates, Claire Manzi, Ora Binyon Parents Charles W. Teagarden, Helen Geingar Siblings Charlie Teagarden, Norma Teagarden, Clois "Cub" Teagarden Trains, hotels and restaurants often refused them service unless they split up. His birthplace was Vernon, Texas, and the date was August 20, 1905. Unfortunately, this band also cannot really be considered a success. He has a natural way with anything mechanical and spends a lot of time plying his tools in his home workshop. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. And they had a rule: if one side couldnt eat, then the other side didnt eat.. 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